New research provides support for the use of St. John’s wort extracts in treating major depression. A Cochrane Systematic Review backs up previous research that showed the plant extract is effective in treating mild to moderate depressive disorders.

“Overall, we found that the St. John’s wort extracts tested in the trials were superior to placebos and as effective as standard antidepressants, with fewer side effects,” says lead researcher, Klaus Linde of the Centre for Complementary Medicine in Munich, Germany.

Extracts of the plant Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St. John’s wort, have long been used in folk medicine to treat depression and sleep disorders. The plant produces a number of different substances that may have anti-depressive properties, but the whole extract is considered to be more effective.

Cochrane Researchers reviewed 29 trials which together included 5,489 patients with symptoms of major depression. All trials employed the commonly used Hamilton Rating Scale for depression to assess the severity of depression. In trials comparing St. John’s wort to other remedies, not only were the plant extracts considered to be equally effective, but fewer patients dropped out of trials due to adverse effects. The overall picture is complicated, however, by the fact that the results were more favourable in trials conducted in German speaking countries, where St. John’s extracts have a long tradition and are often prescribed by doctors.

Despite the favourable findings for St. John’s wort, researchers are anxious not to make generalisations about the plant’s use as an anti-depressant drug and recommend consulting a doctor in the first instance, especially as the extracts can sometimes affect the actions of other beneficial drugs like generic zoloft, paxil online.

“Using a St. Johns wort extract might be justified, but products on the market vary considerably, so these results only apply to the preparations tested,” says Linde.

Erectile dysfunction drugs may be better than nitroglycerin in protecting the heart from damage before and after a severe heart attack, Virginia Commonwealth University researchers report.

During a heart attack, the heart is deprived of oxygen, which can result in significant damage to heart muscle and tissue. After the attack, most patients require treatment to reduce and repair the damage and improve their chances of survival. With the exception of early reperfusion, there are no available therapies that are truly effective in protecting or repairing such damage clinically.

Rakesh C. Kukreja, Ph.D., professor of medicine and Eric Lipman Chair of Cardiology at VCU, and colleagues compared nitroglycerin with three erectile dysfunction drugs: Viagra, generically known as sildenafil, Levitra, generically known as vardenafil, and Cialis online pills — to determine the effectiveness of each for heart protection following a heart attack. Nitroglycerin is a drug used to treat angina, or chest pain. It is a vasodilator and opens blood vessels in order to improve the flow of blood to a patient’s heart.

The research team reported that in an animal model, generic viagra online and generic levitra online reduce damage in the heart muscle when given after a severe heart attack. In contrast, nitroglycerin failed to reduce the damage in the heart when administered under similar conditions. The findings were published in the February issue of the Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, the official publication of the International Society for Heart Research.

“Erectile dysfunction drugs can prevent damage in the heart not only when given before a heart attack, as we discovered previously, but also lessen the injury after the heart attack,” said Kukreja, who is the lead author of the study.

According to Kukreja, the protective effects on the heart produced by these erectile dysfunction drugs may be potentially useful as adjunct therapy in patients undergoing elective procedures, including coronaryartery bypass graft, coronary angioplasty or heart transplantation. In addition, he said another potential application could be to prevent the multiple organ damage that occurs following cardiac arrest, resuscitation or shock.

“Preserving heart function is critical to optimal cardiac outcomes,” said George W. Vetrovec, M.D., chair of cardiology at the VCU Pauley Heart Center. “These agents have significant potential to enhance patient outcomes, particularly in high risk circumstances, such as acute heart attacks.“

For several years, Kukreja and his colleagues have studied a class of erectile dysfunction drugs known as phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors as part of ongoing research into heart protection. The team first investigated viagra, and then cialis, and found that both compounds were protective when given before a heart attack under experimental conditions.

Muscle cramps are prolonged involuntary muscle contractions that can be painful. Muscle cramping represents motor unit hyperactivity leading to prolonged involuntary muscle contraction. Precipitants include unopposed contraction, electrolyte and volume shifts, and lower motor neuron disease. Ordinary cramps most commonly occur in the gastrocnemius muscle and the intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot. Their nocturnal predilection appears to be related to unopposed foot plantar flexion while in bed, placing the muscles of the calves and feet in their most shortened and therefore most vulnerable position. Without modulation by opposing muscles, the sustained contraction produces the painful cramp, which is experienced as sudden severe calf pain, often with a palpable or visibly hardened muscle. In many instances, a voluntary contraction triggers the cramp. Passive stretching relieves it. Cheap soma.
Clinical Evaluation
History.
A detailed description of the cramping is essential and should include the setting in which the episodes occur. Those that develop at night or in the context of hemodialysis, hypoglycemia, or heavy sweating from prolonged exertion are likely to be true cramps, as are those coincident with use of calcium channel blockers or beta-agonists. Dystonic cramping is suggested by onset with occupation-related fine motor activity, and contracture by a lifelong onset with exercise. Associated symptoms should be reviewed for the paresthesias and carpopedal spasm of tetany, the weakness and fasciculations of lower motor neuron disease, and the cold or heat intolerance, skin changes, and related symptoms of thyroid disease. Location of the cramping is a less specific finding, but if calf pain is reported, one should include intermittent claudication in the differential diagnosis, particularly if pain is brought on by walking. Review of medications is always useful, but use of a potassium-wasting diuretic is not tantamount to an etiologic diagnosis, because hypokalemia is rarely responsible for true cramps (although it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tetany). Also potentially pertinent in suspected tetany is any distant history of thyroidectomy (with coincident removal of the parathyroid glands). Canadian pharmacy health articles.